In both the summary as well as the paraphrase we’ve quoted Curtis’s “clustering together in a dense ball,” a phrase that lies in the centre of her description of wintering honeybees. For us to explain this clustering in just about any language except that Curtis’s would be pointless since her description is admirably precise.
Quoting Authoritative Language
You will would also like to make use of quotations that lend authority to your work. When quoting a professional or some prominent political, artistic, or figure that is historical you raise your own work by placing it in esteemed company. Quote respected figures to establish background information in a paper, along with your readers will have a tendency to perceive that information as reliable. Quote the opinions of respected figures to endorse some statement that you have made, along with your statement gets to be more credible to your readers. For instance, in an essay you could make use of a passage from Thoreau’s Walden that you might write on the importance of reading well:
It “is a noble exercise,” writes Henry David Thoreau in Walden, “and one which will task your reader significantly more than any exercise which the customs associated with the day esteem. It requires a training like the athletes underwent. Books should be read https://domyhomework.services as deliberately and reservedly while they were written.”
By quoting a famous philosopher and essayist about them of reading, you add legitimacy to your discussion. Not only would you regard reading to be an art this is certainly both difficult and important; so too does Henry David Thoreau, certainly one of our most influential thinkers that are american. The quotation has elevated the known level of your projects.
You’ll be able to quote to advantage well-respected figures who’ve written or spoken concerning the subject of one’s paper. Here is a discussion of space flight. Author David Chandler refers to a physicist and an astronaut:
a couple of scientists – notably James Van Allen, discoverer for the Earth’s radiation belts – have decried the trouble associated with space that is manned and called for an almost exclusive attention to unmanned scientific exploration instead, saying this would be a lot more cost-effective.
Other space scientists dispute that idea. Joseph Allen, physicist and shuttle that is former, says, “It seems to be argued any particular one takes away from the other. But before there is a manned space program, the funding on space science was zero. Now it is about $500 million a year.”
Note, first, that into the first paragraph Chandler has either summarized or used an Indirect quotation to include remarks made by James Van Allen to the discussion on space flight. Into the paragraph that is second Chandler directly quotes his next source, Joseph Allen. Both quotations, indirect and direct, lend authority and legitimacy towards the article, for both James Van Allen and Joseph Allen are experts about the subject of space flight. Note also that Chandler has provided brief but effective biographies of his sources, identifying both making sure that their qualifications to speak about them are known to all:
James Van Allen, discoverer associated with the Earth’s radiation belts .
Joseph Allen, physicist and shuttle astronaut that is former .
The phrases in italics are called appositives. Their function is always to rename the nouns they follow by giving explicit, identifying detail. Any details about somebody who can be expressed in the following sentence pattern may be made into an phrase that is appositive
James Van Allen is the discoverer associated with Earth’s radiation belts.
James Van Allen has decried the trouble of the space program that is manned
James Van Allen, discoverer of this Earth’s radiation belts, has decried the expense of this manned space program.
Use appositives to spot authors whom you quote.
Incorporating Quotations to your Sentences
Quoting just the right part of a Sentence or Paragraph That You Need
while you’ve seen, a writer selects passages for quotation that are especially vivid and memorable, concise, or authoritative. Now we will put these principles into practice. Guess that while conducting research on the topic of college sports you’ve run into listed here, published by Robert Hutchins, former president regarding the University of Chicago:
If athleticism is bad for students, players, alumni while the public, it really is even worse for the universities and colleges themselves. They would like to be educational institutions, nonetheless they can’t. The storyline regarding the halfback that is famous only regret, when he bade his coach farewell, was which he had not learned to learn and write is probably exaggerated. But we should admit that pressure from trustees, graduates, “friends,” presidents and even professors has tended to relax standards that are academic. These gentry often overlook the fact that a college shouldn’t be interested in a fullback that is a half-wit. Recruiting, subsidizing additionally the double educational standard cannot exist with no knowledge and the tacit approval, at the least, associated with the universites and colleges themselves. Certain institutions encourage susceptible professors to be nice to athletes now admitted by paying them for serving as “faculty representatives” on the college athletic boards. 4
Suppose that with this entire paragraph you find a gem, a quotable grouping of words which will enliven your discussion. You might quote part of the following sentence:
These gentry often forget the proven fact that a college should not be thinking about a fullback who is a half-wit.
Incorporating the Quotation to the Flow of your sentence that is own once’ve selected the passage you intend to quote, work the materials to your paper in as natural and fluid a way as you can. Listed here is the way we would quote Hutchins:
Robert Hutchins, a former president of this University of Chicago, asserts that “a college should not be enthusiastic about a fullback who is a half-wit.”
Remember that we’ve used an appositive to spot Hutchins. And we’ve used only the an element of the paragraph – a single clause – that we thought memorable adequate to quote directly.
Avoiding Freestanding Quotations
A quoted sentence must not stand by itself – such as the following example:
Various people from the university admit that the pressures of athleticism have caused a relaxation of standards. “These gentry often overlook the proven fact that a college really should not be interested in a fullback that is a half-wit.” But this kind of thinking is bad for the university as well as worse for the athletes.
Even in the event that you include a parenthetical citation following the quotation, you shouldn’t leave a quotation freestanding, as above, because the effect is frequently jarring into the reader. Introduce the quotation by attributing the source in some other area of the sentence – beginning, middle, or end. Thus, you can write:
based on Robert Hutchins, “These gentry often forget the fact that a college really should not be interested in a fullback that is a half-wit.”
“These gentry,” asserts Robert Hutchins, “often forget the fact that a college shouldn’t be thinking about a fullback that is a half-wit.”
Another alternative would be to introduce a sentence-long quotation with a colon:
But Robert Hutchins disagrees: “These gentry often overlook the fact that a college should not be interested in a fullback who is a half-wit.”
Use colons and also to introduce indented quotations (as with the examples above).
When attributing sources, you will need to vary the standard “states,” “writes,” “says,” and so on. Other, stronger verbs you might consider: “asserts,” “argues,” “maintains,” “insists,” “asks,” and even “wonders.”
Using Ellipsis Marks quotations that are using made somewhat complicated when you want to quote the start and end of a passage although not its middle – as was the actual situation when we quoted Henry David Thoreau. Here’s an element of the paragraph in Walden from which we quoted a sentences that are few
to see well, this is certainly, to read true books in a spirit that is true is a noble exercise, plus one that may task the reader a lot more than any exercise that your customs associated with the day esteem. It entails an exercise like the athletes underwent, the steady intention almost of the expereince of living for this object. Books should be read as deliberately and reservedly while they were written. 5